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How can genetic engineering help crops use nitrogen more efficiently?

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DNA extraction and recombinant DNA technology — recombinant DNA The process of DNA extraction is necessary to isolate molecules of DNA from cells or tissues. A series of steps, including the use of protease enzymes to strip proteins from the DNA, are required for isolating pure DNA that is suitable for use in later procedures, such as cloning or sequencing.

Genetic engineering enhances the ability of crops to use nitrogen more efficiently primarily through the application of recombinant DNA techniques. Researchers are working to introduce or enhance genes involved in nitrogen fixation, a process naturally performed by certain bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants.1

By engineering crops to express these traits, scientists aim to enable plants to utilize atmospheric nitrogen more effectively, which reduces the agricultural dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Additionally, genetic techniques allow for the modification or replacement of dysfunctional genes that limit a plant's nutrient use efficiency. These advancements are ethically significant because they support more sustainable agricultural practices by lowering input requirements, minimizing environmental impact, and increasing overall crop productivity.1