How can gallstones trigger pancreatitis?

Gallstones can trigger pancreatitis when they pass spontaneously from the gallbladder into the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater).1

This movement causes a partial obstruction of the pancreatic duct, which leads to increased pressure within the ductal system. This obstruction and the resulting pressure can damage the fine ductal network of the pancreas, allowing activated and destructive digestive enzymes to escape into the substance of the pancreas and surrounding tissues. Once these enzymes enter the pancreatic tissue, they cause inflammation, edema, and tissue damage, effectively causing the gland to begin self-digesting.12

To prevent further attacks of pancreatitis caused by gallstones, medical professionals often recommend the surgical removal of the gallbladder, a procedure known as a cholecystectomy.2