How can galaxy collisions trigger the formation of stars and star clusters?

Galaxy collisions serve as a primary mechanism for galactic evolution, significantly influencing the formation of stars and star clusters. When two galaxies collide, their respective clouds of gas and dust are forced together, creating a high-density environment that triggers an enhanced rate of star formation, often described as a spectacular cosmic fireworks display.1

During these interactions, the gravitational forces and tidal actions involved compress the interstellar medium, which facilitates the rapid collapse of gas into new stars. This process is responsible for the creation of some of the most massive and luminous young star clusters observed in the universe. While these collisions can also distort the shapes of galaxies and create giant tidal arcs of stars, the resulting surge in star formation is a hallmark of the merger process, effectively converting available gas and dust into new stellar populations.1