How can cathodic protection prevent corrosion of metals?

Cathodic protection prevents the electrolytic corrosion of metallic structures by ensuring the metal acts as a cathode rather than an anode within an electrochemical cell. In a typical corrosion process, the anode undergoes oxidation, losing electrons and deteriorating. By forcing the structure to function as a cathode, this process is suppressed.1

There are two primary ways to achieve this:

• Sacrificial Anodes: A more active metal, such as zinc or magnesium, is attached to the structure. This metal corrodes preferentially, effectively sacrificing itself to protect the underlying structure.1
• Impressed Current: An external power source is used to supply electrons to the structure, which suppresses the oxidation reaction that would otherwise lead to metal loss.1

By interrupting the electrochemical reactions that drive corrosion, cathodic protection serves as a vital method for maintaining the integrity of infrastructure like pipelines and industrial facilities.1