How can bilirubin levels in serum indicate liver or bile duct problems?
Created from Britannica articles
using AI.
AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
blood analysis
The physical and chemical properties of a sample of blood are examined during blood analysis. The examination of blood is important for the accurate diagnosis of disease.
Bilirubin levels in the blood serve as a critical indicator of liver and bile duct health because the liver is responsible for processing and excreting this pigment, which is a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. When these systems are compromised, bilirubin can accumulate in the bloodstream, leading to jaundiceβa yellowing of the skin and eyes.12
Analysis of bilirubin levels helps classify the underlying issue:
- Hepatocellular Jaundice: This occurs when liver cells are damaged by conditions such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or toxins. The damaged cells lose their ability to effectively transport bilirubin into the biliary system, causing it to regurgitate into the bloodstream.32
- Cholestatic (Obstructive) Jaundice: This arises from physical blockages in the bile ducts, such as gallstones or tumors. Because the bile cannot flow into the intestine, conjugated bilirubin is absorbed back into the blood.13
- Hemolytic Jaundice: While not a primary liver disease, this occurs when red blood cell destruction exceeds the liver's capacity to process the resulting bilirubin.32
Blood tests measuring these levels are essential diagnostic tools for identifying these disturbances.2