How can a varicocele affect fertility in males?

A varicocele is a condition characterized by the presence of a varicose vein around the testicle. This anatomical abnormality can negatively impact male fertility by affecting both the quality and quantity of sperm produced.1

The spermatic cord contains a network of veins that support the testes; when these veins become dilated, they may cause discomfort and interfere with normal reproductive function. While the exact physiological mechanism by which a varicocele impairs fertility is often linked to these vascular changes, it remains a recognized factor in cases of male infertility. In some instances, surgical intervention known as a varicocelectomy may be performed to excise the dilated portions of the veins while preserving the necessary blood supply to the testicle.21