How can a BiPAP machine support breathing in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

In the context of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which often leads to respiratory failure due to progressive muscle weakness, a bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) machine serves as a form of noninvasive mechanical ventilation.

The device supports breathing by using positive pressure to assist the lungs in expanding, effectively doing the work of breathing for the patient. Unlike continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices, a BiPAP machine delivers a higher level of pressure during inhalation to assist with air intake and a lower level of pressure during exhalation. This reduction in pressure during exhalation is significant because it lowers the resistance against which the patient must breathe out, making the process more comfortable and better tolerated. By maintaining open airways and facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, this technology helps manage the respiratory complications associated with the disease.123