How are galaxies distributed in clusters, superclusters, and cosmic voids?

In the study of astronomy, the distribution of galaxies is characterized by a network-like arrangement that emerged from density fluctuations in the early universe.12

Clusters and Superclusters

Galaxies are not distributed uniformly; they tend to congregate into groups and clusters of galaxies, which are held together by gravitational forces. These clusters are further organized into superclusters, which are the largest structures in the universe, typically spanning up to hundreds of millions of light-years. Most galaxies, groups, and clusters belong to these superclusters.13

Cosmic Voids

The space between superclusters is relatively empty, forming vast regions known as cosmic voids. This structure resembles a network where matter condenses at the intersections of the strands.12

Underlying Structure

The distribution of these structures is driven by dark matter, which acts as the gravitational backbone for galaxies and clusters. While the universe appears inhomogeneous on the scale of superclusters, it remains essentially homogeneous and isotropic on even larger scales, as there has not been enough time since the big bang for larger-scale structures to form.421