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How are fluorocarbons made from hydrocarbons?

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A labeled diagram of the periodic table entry for fluorine, showing its atomic number 9, symbol F, atomic weight 18.998, electron configuration, and indicating it is a halogen and a gas at room temperature. — fluorine Properties of fluorine.

Fluorocarbons are produced from hydrocarbons through processes where some or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine. This can be achieved through several methods:

Direct Fluorination: Elemental fluorine, often diluted with nitrogen, can react directly with hydrocarbons. Because fluorine is highly reactive, this process requires special precautions to control the reaction.12
Chemical Fluorination: Organic compounds can be treated with specific fluorinating agents, such as cobalt trifluoride (CoF₃).12
Electrochemical Fluorination: This method involves electrolyzing solutions of organic compounds in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.1

These resulting fluorocarbons are valued for their chemical inertness, stability, and high electrical resistance.1