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How are fluorocarbon resins used to make nonstick frying pans?

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A color-coded periodic table of the elements displays each element's symbol and atomic number, with categories such as alkali metals, noble gases, halogens, transition metals, and actinoid elements distinguished by different background colors. — halogen Modern version of the periodic table of the elements.

Nonstick frying pans are coated using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a synthetic resin belonging to the fluorocarbon group.12

To create the nonstick surface, metallic cooking pans are coated with aqueous dispersions of fine PTFE particles, which are applied by spraying or dipping the metal surface. Once applied, this forms a permanent, slippery coating.13

The effectiveness of this coating stems from the unique molecular structure of PTFE. The polymer consists of a carbon chain surrounded by a protective sheath of fluorine atoms, which are held by very strong carbon-fluorine bonds. This structure results in several key properties:13

Low Friction: PTFE has the lowest coefficient of friction of any known solid, allowing food to be cooked without the need for fats or oils.13
Chemical Inertness: The material is resistant to attack by almost all chemicals.13
High Heat Resistance: It remains stable at high temperatures, typically not melting below 300–327 °C (575–620 °F).13