How are eucrite meteorites connected to Vesta?

Vesta is the parent body of the meteorites known as the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) association. These stony achondrite meteorites are linked to Vesta through various lines of evidence, including spectral measurements that match the asteroid's surface composition.1234

The connection reflects Vesta’s complex geological history, which involved melting, the segregation of metal into a core, and subsequent crystallization. Eucrites themselves are categorized based on their formation:3
* Basaltic eucrites: These are similar to terrestrial basalt and appear to have formed at or near Vesta's surface, where they cooled relatively quickly.3
* Cumulate eucrites: These are comparable to terrestrial gabbro and seem to have crystallized more slowly at greater depths within the asteroid.3

Scientists believe these materials were ejected from Vesta—likely by large impacts such as the one that created the Rheasilvia basin—and eventually traveled to Earth.13