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How are benzene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene used in industry?
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hydrocarbon
Structures assumed by hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) molecules in four common hydrocarbon compounds.
Benzene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene are vital aromatic hydrocarbons used extensively as raw materials and intermediates in the chemical industry.
- Benzene: Primarily used to produce styrene, which is then converted into polystyrene. It is also a key precursor for phenol, aniline for dyes, and dodecylbenzene for detergents.3
- Toluene: Serves as a starting material for trinitrotoluene (TNT), benzoic acid, saccharin, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and photographic chemicals. It is also utilized as a solvent and an antiknock additive in aviation gasoline.1
- Xylene: The three isomers have distinct industrial roles. Ortho-xylene is used to produce phthalic anhydride for coatings and plastics, while para-xylene is a critical precursor for polyester fibers.2
- Naphthalene: Used in the manufacture of dyestuffs and synthetic resins. It is converted into naphthylamines and naphthols for dye production and has historically served as a primary raw material for phthalic anhydride.3