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How abundant is sulfur in Earth’s crust and seawater?

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A labeled diagram highlights sulfur's position on the periodic table, showing its atomic number 16, symbol S, atomic weight range, electron configuration, and classification as a solid, strongly acidic, orthorhombic nonmetal at room temperature. — sulfur Chemical properties of sulfur.

Sulfur is considered a minor constituent of Earth’s crust, where its abundance is estimated to be between 0.03 and 0.06 percent. In contrast, seawater contains approximately 0.09 percent sulfur, primarily in the form of sulfate.1

While these figures represent the known concentrations in the crust and hydrosphere, it has been suggested that deeper layers of the Earth may contain a much larger proportion of sulfur, based on the finding that certain meteorites contain about 12 percent of the element.1