The Sharpeville massacre on March 21, 1960, marked a turning point in the struggle against apartheid because it drew greater international attention, and condemnation, to South Africa’s discriminatory policies. The event also shifted anti-apartheid groups such as the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) and the African National Congress (ANC) from nonviolent resistance to armed resistance. They formed paramilitary wings (Poqo for the PAC and Umkhonto we Sizwe for the ANC) to engage in sabotage and guerrilla attacks.
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