Bal Gangadhar Tilak, called āMaker of Modern Indiaā by Mahatma Gandhi and āFather of the Indian Revolutionā by Jawaharlal Nehru, helped lay the foundation for Indian swaraj (self-rule). He introduced Hindu symbolism and Maratha traditions into the nationalist movement, initiated the passive resistance that later characterized Gandhiās noncooperation program (satyagraha), and headed the Lucknow Pact.
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