The Indian Independence Movement began because of growing dissatisfaction with the British raj, which denied Indians political rights and caused severe economic hardship. Farmers faced high taxes, local industries declined, and poverty increased. Exposure to modern political and philosophical ideas through education encouraged Indians to question colonial authority and demand greater rights and self-governance. Reformers and early leaders inspired a sense of national pride, while organizations such as the Indian National Congress provided a platform to demand change. Movements led by Mahatma Gandhi brought people together through peaceful protests.
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