Palestinian citizens of Israel, who comprise about one-fifth of Israelās citizenry, have been exempt from Israelās military draft since 1948, when Israel was founded. The longstanding exemption recognizes that military service could require them to fight relatives or place them in other similar situations. The Israeli Druze, who speak Arabic but do not identify with the Palestinian national cause, are not exempt, and some Bedouin Arabs also volunteer for military service.
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