The Peloponnesian War, a conflict between Athens and Sparta that lasted from 431 to 404 bce, was won by Sparta. The war occurred at the height of Athenian influence during the Classical period and engulfed virtually the entire ancient Greek world. Both Athens and Sparta stood at the head of alliances that, between them, included nearly every Greek city-state: Athens led the Delian League, while Sparta headed the Peloponnesian League.
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