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Who were the main figures involved in the Battle of Karbala?

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The Battle of Karbala on October 10, 680 (Muharram 10, ah 61) involved:

  • Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī: Grandson of Prophet Muhammad and son of ʿAlī, who led a small party against the Umayyad army.
  • Yazīd I: The Umayyad caliph whose army defeated and massacred Ḥusayn and his followers.
  • ʿUbayd Allāh: Governor of Basra, sent by Yazīd I to restore order in Kūfah.
  • ʿUmar ibn Saʿd: Commander of the large army sent by ʿUbayd Allāh, which confronted Ḥusayn at Karbala.
  • Zaynab: Ḥusayn’s sister, who rebuked ʿUbayd Allāh in Kūfah and challenged Yazīd’s claim to the caliphate in Damascus.