The Hyksos were a dynasty of Syro-Palestinian origin that ruled northern Egypt as the 15th dynasty from approximately 1630 to 1530 bce. The name Hyksos, meaning "ruler of foreign lands," likely referred to foreign dynasts rather than a specific ethnic group, with most Hyksos kings having Semitic names. Hyksos kings of the 15th dynasty ruled Lower Egypt from Avaris. Kings of the 16th dynasty, who ruled Upper Egypt and were largely contemporaneous with the 15th dynasty, were likely minor Hyksos rulers who were vassals of those in the north.
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