Kwame Nkrumah (1909–72) was a Ghanaian nationalist leader who spearheaded the Gold Coast’s independence movement from British rule, leading to the formation of Ghana. Serving as Ghana’s first prime minister in 1952 and later as president in 1960, Nkrumah played a pivotal role in the country’s early development. He was a proponent of Pan-Africanism and envisioned Ghana as a catalyst for liberating the rest of Africa from colonial rule. Although he initiated numerous developmental projects, his administration faced economic challenges, and his leadership style became increasingly autocratic. In 1966, while Nkrumah was abroad, a coup led by army and police leaders ousted him from power.
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