Guru Arjan was an Indian spiritual leader who is revered as the fifth Sikh Guru (1581–1606). He is considered to be the first Sikh martyr, executed by the Mughal ruler Jahangir. He was also the father of the sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind. Guru Arjan took over the leadership of the Sikh community from his father and successfully expanded it by developing several spiritual centers of Sikhism. Guru Arjan was born to Guru Ram Das, the fourth Sikh Guru, and his wife, Bibi Bhani, in the sacred town of Goindwal, in what is now Punjab, India. He was the youngest of their three sons. Arjan spent his childhood in Goindwal with his parents and his maternal grandfather, Guru Amar Das, the third Sikh Guru.
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