The Shimabara Rebellion was an uprising in 1637–38 by a community of Kirishitan (Japanese Christians) in the Shimabara Peninsula, which was suppressed with difficulty and led to intensified efforts to eliminate Christianity in Japan. By 1650 all known Kirishitan had been exiled or executed. Undetected survivors were driven underground into a secret movement that came to be known as Kakure Kirishitan (“Hidden Christians”), existing mainly in western Kyushu island around Nagasaki and Shimabara.
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