The March First Movement was a nationwide series of anti-Japanese protests that began in Korea on March 1, 1919, shortly after the death of former emperor Gojong, a symbol of Korean independence. A Declaration of Independence was publicly read in Seoul, sparking mass demonstrations that spread across the country and drew an estimated two million participants. Although the protests were largely peaceful, they were violently suppressed by Japanese colonial authorities. The Japanese arrested about 47,000 Koreans and left 7,500 dead and 16,000 wounded.
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