Launched in 2007, the Human Microbiome Project was a five-year international effort to characterize microbial communities in the human body and identify their roles in health and disease. The project capitalized on the decreasing cost of whole genome sequencing technology, which allows organisms to be identified from samples without the need for culturing them in the laboratory; the technology also facilitates the process of comparing DNA sequences of microorganisms isolated from different parts of the human body and from different people.
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