St. Peter Damian was actively involved in the Gregorian Reform movement by working to transform the papacy in the 11th century. He worked with Pope Leo IX to address issues such as simony (the selling of ecclesiastical offices) and clerical marriage and celibacy. His efforts were rewarded when he was appointed cardinal-bishop of Ostia in 1057. He then played a significant part in preparing the decree on papal elections (conclave) of April 1059, in which the cardinals declared their right to select the pope and the manner in which the selection would be made.
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