Mangroves face serious threats from human activity and environmental change. Coastal development, urban expansion, aquaculture, tourism, and agriculture have led to the clearing and destruction of many mangrove forests worldwide. Water pollution, altered water flow from dams or drainage systems can further damage these critical ecosystems. Climate change also poses risks through rising sea levels, stronger storms, and changing temperatures. As a result, global mangrove populations have declined significantly, and several species are now listed as vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered according to the IUCN Red List.
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