Flappers emerged as a visible expression of new social freedoms and shifting gender roles in the late 1910s and β20s. During World War I (1914β18) women had participated in the workforce and gained greater social and economic freedom and independence. Furthermore women gained the right to vote with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. Both of these events served to expand the expectations for female independence and public presence, giving rise to flapper culture.
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