The Ring of Fire is a band of enormous amounts of seismic and volcanic activity. Significant explosive volcanic events include the eruptions of Mount Tambora (1815), Krakatoa (1883), Novarupta (1912), Mount Pinatubo (1991), and the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (2022), along with dozens of smaller events. The epicenters of several of Earth’s major earthquakes—such as the Chile earthquake of 1960, the Alaska earthquake of 1964, and the Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011—are located in the Ring of Fire.
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