American essayist, novelist, and travel writer Edward Hoagland had a lifelong stutter that caused him to seek solace in reading, writing, and walking in nature when he was young. He once described his stutter as “vocal handcuffs.” In middle age and again in late adulthood Hoagland had bouts with blindness; an operation reversed the first instance but only temporarily. He documented this experience in his memoir Compass Points: How I Lived (2001). Later he published the novel In the Country of the Blind (2016), the plot of which was informed by the recurrence of his condition.
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