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What led to Ali Abdullah Saleh stepping down as president in 2012?

A yearlong popular uprising in Yemen from 2011 to 2012 (part of the Arab Spring protests) forced Ali Abdullah Saleh to step down as president. He initially attempted to weather the protests by making concessions. Following pressure by international mediators, he signed an agreement in November 2011 to transfer power to his vice president and officially step down in February 2012.