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What is the political status of Somaliland and Puntland?

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Somaliland declared itself an independent republic in 1991, but it is not widely recognized. Puntland declared itself an autonomous region in 1998 and seeks to remain part of Somalia as a federal republic, although it has periodically suspended its relationship with the federal government and in March 2024 proclaimed its withdrawal. Jubaland has also suspended federal-state relations on occasion, and in December 2025 it declared that it had withdrawn from the federation.