Although the terms are often used interchangeably, sindoor is not always chemically the same as vermilion. Vermilion is the red pigment made using mercury sulfide (HgS), which is either obtained from cinnabar or produced synthetically. Sindoor, on the other hand, is a ritual and cosmetic preparation whose composition can vary. Traditional formulations of sindoor use natural minerals and plant-derived pigments. Commercial formulations may include synthetic colorants, fragrances, and other ingredients.
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