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What is the difference between community property and common-law property?

Community property and common law are the two legal systems U.S. states use to determine ownership of property acquired during marriage. In community property states, most income and assets acquired during marriage generally belong equally to both spouses, regardless of whose name is on the title. In common-law states, ownership typically follows title unless spouses intentionally share ownership. These differences can affect taxes, inheritance, estate planning, and how property is divided in divorce.