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What is the biblical origin of Shemini Atzeret?

In the Hebrew Bible it is ordained that Shemini Atzeret should be observed as the eighth day of Sukkot. Sukkot is one of three Pilgrim Festivals that in ancient times involved sacrifices in the Temple of Jerusalem. During Sukkot there were supposed to be 70 sacrifices on the seven days of Sukkot to signify the 70 nations. However, on the eighth day only a single ram and bullock were sacrificed in a ceremony that was supposed to symbolize the Israelites’ special relationship with God.