Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in which the body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into certain cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. When insulin production or activity is impaired, glucose accumulates in the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). The kidneys excrete excess glucose via the urine, which draws water from the body, increasing urination and thirst. Other symptoms may include hunger, itching, weight loss, and weakness.
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