Channelrhodopsin-2 is a light-sensitive ion channel that allows for rapid responses to light, combining light detection and ion transport into one protein encoded by a single gene. The channel was identified in the early 2000s by German biophysicist Georg Nagel and German biochemist and biophysicist Peter Hegemann, who were each awarded a share of the 2026 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries pertaining to light-sensitive ion channels.
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