A monohybrid testcross is used to determine an organismās genotype for a single trait. It involves crossing an organism with an unknown genotype of the trait under investigation and another organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait. An example would be a cross between a dog with a red coat (a recessive phenotype controlled by a single gene) and a dog with a black coat, the dominant phenotype. Because the dominant phenotype can be seen in dogs that are either homozygous for the dominant allele or heterozygous, a testcross is necessary to determine the genotype of the black-coated dogs.
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