Mashhad is Iran’s foremost religious center and an important economic and political hub. It is the only place in Iran where one of the imams of Twelver Shiʿi Islam, ʿAlī al-Riḍā, is entombed. Long a stronghold of Iran’s clerical-bazaar nexus, Mashhad has repeatedly shaped the country’s politics, including exerting influence during and after the Islamic Revolution (1979).
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