After World War II, Japanese military leaders connected to the Nanjing Massacre were prosecuted for war crimes. Matsui Iwane was tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo and was convicted for failing to prevent atrocities committed by troops under his command during the capture of Nanjing. Tani Hisao, a lieutenant general involved in operations connected to the massacre, was tried separately by a Chinese war crimes tribunal in Nanjing. Both men were sentenced to death and executed in 1948.
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