As the Israeli-Palestinian peace process broke down in the late 1990s, what would happen to Jerusalem in a two-state solution proved to be one of the most contentious sticking points. The opposition leader in the Israeli Knesset, Ariel Sharon, visited the Temple Mount in September 2000 to assert his commitment to Israeli sovereignty over the compound, despite Palestinians’ expectations that the compound (home to Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock and considered by international law to be located on occupied territory) would be under either Palestinian or international control. Frustrated especially by the lack of progress in the peace negotiations, Palestinians reacted to Sharon’s provocative visit with demonstrations that set off the second (“Al-Aqsa”) intifada (2000–05).
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