On March 21, 1960, police fired on a crowd of Black South Africans in Sharpeville, South Africa, who were demonstrating against the country’s discriminatory pass laws. Official reports indicated that 69 Black South Africans were killed and more than 180 wounded, but some scholars maintain that owing to deficiencies in the government’s accounting of the victims, those numbers are actually higher. Nancy L. Clark and William H. Worger, in their 2023 book, Voices of Sharpeville: The Long History of Racial Injustice, assert that at least 91 people were killed and at least 238 were wounded. It was a significant confrontation between anti-apartheid protesters and the South African state.
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