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What challenges does the SCO face?

The SCO faces several challenges, including limited progress in deepening economic cooperation, persistent instability in Afghanistan, and criticism that it largely reflects the interests of its authoritarian members. The admission of India and Pakistan in 2017 introduced new dynamics, however: India’s status as the world’s largest democracy has allowed the SCO to present itself as more than an authoritarian club and as part of a broader vision of a multipolar world.