The 1962 Sino-Indian War was caused by border disputes between India and China, particularly over the region of Aksai Chin in Ladakh and the McMahon Line. Tensions escalated after India granted asylum to the 14th Dalai Lama following his flight from Tibet in 1959, a move strongly criticized by China. Frequent border skirmishes, competing territorial claims, India’s Forward Policy, and China’s rejection of colonial-era boundary arrangements such as the McMahon Line further contributed to the deterioration of relations and eventually led to war.
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