Modern computer security is commonly organized around confidentiality, integrity, and availability, collectively called the CIA triad. Confidentiality refers to protecting information from unauthorized access or disclosure. Integrity ensures that information remains accurate, complete, and free of external tampering. Availability ensures that systems and data remain accessible to authorized users when needed. Backup systems support availability. These principles guide the design of most modern cybersecurity systems and policies. Some expanded frameworks—such as the Parkerian Hexad—introduce additional dimensions such as authenticity, utility, and control of systems and information, but the CIA triad remains a common universal basis for cybersecurity.
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style