The main countries that make up Central Asia are Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan. These countries were formerly Soviet republics. The Soviets created five Soviet socialist republics in the region: the Kazakh S.S.R. (now Kazakhstan) in 1936, the Kirgiz S.S.R. (now Kyrgyzstan) in 1936, the Tadzhik S.S.R. (now Tajikistan) in 1929, the Turkmen S.S.R. (now Turkmenistan) in 1924, and the Uzbek S.S.R. (now Uzbekistan) in 1924. All five obtained their independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
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