The term gunpowder empires refers to the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires, which rose to prominence between the 15th and 18th centuries and used gunpowder weaponry to consolidate power. Historians Marshall G.S. Hodgson and William H. McNeill proposed that the effective use and, in some cases, monopolization of gunpowder weapons enabled rulers of the three empires to consolidate power over large territories.
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