Optimal fluoride concentration for dental health is 0.7 parts per million (ppm). Long-term exposure to excessive amounts of fluoride (more than 1.5 ppm) can cause signs of dental fluorosis, and chronic exposure to levels of 8β10 ppm can lead to skeletal fluorosis. A lack of fluoride increases the risk of tooth decay. Acute toxicity occurs at 5β8 mg/kg.
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