India and Russia collaborate in diverse areas, ranging from defense and outer space to trade and energy. For decades Russia has supplied India with military equipment and been India’s top supplier of arms. In energy Russia is a major partner for civilian nuclear projects in India, such as the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. Russia is also an important source of crude oil and natural gas for India and in 2022 became India’s largest supplier of crude oil. Other key areas of cooperation include science and technology, counterterrorism, maritime security, tourism, and connectivity.
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