Avigdor Liberman is an Israeli politician who founded the Yisrael Beiteinu party in 1999 after leaving the Likud party. Yisrael Beiteinu is a nationalist right-wing party with a strong focus on promoting immigration, Israeli settlements, and defense. The base of Libermanās party was once Eastern European immigrants in Israel and is known for its firm stance against the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Liberman has voiced skepticism regarding the loyalty of Palestinian citizens to Israel and has suggested making citizenship dependent on an oath of allegiance. He also introduced a plan to exchange Palestinian population centers in Israel for Jewish settlements in the West Bank.